The Sumerian creation myth was translated over the centuries into Akkadian (northern Semitic) and later Ugaritic (proto-Hebrew). A key event in the Ugaritic version was the destruction of the monster allies of the death god Yamm by the paramount god called variously, El ulam, Ba'l Haddu, or Marduk (Babylonian). The monster servants of Yamm were called "Lotan" and "Rahab," or "Tiamat" (Babylonian). Yamm ruled the under-world which was a deep sea below the dry "land."
This should start to sound a little bit familiar.
Lotan was transliterated to "leviathan," and Yamm became the Hebrew for "sea," yam. Rahab is named a few times directly in the Bible, and by description as well. "Ba'l Haddu" is reduced to a biblical demon, and his epic achievements are reassigned to Yahweh. later, El (Northern) and Yahweh (Southern) and In this regard, there are particularly interesting passages in the Book of Job which deserve further proper study. For example, in the opening "front piece" the paramount god El is introduced in Hebrew as "el bene elohim" and "yahweh el elohim" or literally, "god of the council of gods" and Yahweh, god of the gods."
I am not proposing to present all of this in a chat room. Instead, here is a reading list of excellent studies;
Bodine, Walter R., (Ed.)
1992 "Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew." Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns
Jewish Publication Society
2004 “The Jewish Study Bible: TANAKA translation” Oxford University Press.
Pardee, Dennis
2002 "Writings from the Ancient World Vol. 10: Ritual and Cult at Ugarit" Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature
Parker, Simon B. (Editor)
1997 "Ugarit Narrative Poetry" Translated by Mark S. Smith, Simon B. Parker, Edward L Greenstein, Theodore J. Lewis, David Marcus, Vol. 9 Writings from the Ancient World. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature
Pope, Marvin H.
1965 “Job: A new translation with Introduction and Commentary” Anchor Bible Vol. 15, New York: ABRL/Doubleday
All of the authors cited above are Christian. This is apparently important to some people. There is a weirdness to this, and the Book was written by the Jews, for the Jews. In honor of that obvious fact, here are two essential books anyone pretending to be a serious student of the Bible must have;
Jewish Publication Society
2004 “The Jewish Study Bible: TANAKA translation” Oxford University Press.
Rabbi Natan Slifkin,
2007 “Sacred Monsters: Mysterious and Mythical Creatures of Scripture, Talmud and Midrash” New York: Zoo Torah and Yashar Books
This should start to sound a little bit familiar.
Lotan was transliterated to "leviathan," and Yamm became the Hebrew for "sea," yam. Rahab is named a few times directly in the Bible, and by description as well. "Ba'l Haddu" is reduced to a biblical demon, and his epic achievements are reassigned to Yahweh. later, El (Northern) and Yahweh (Southern) and In this regard, there are particularly interesting passages in the Book of Job which deserve further proper study. For example, in the opening "front piece" the paramount god El is introduced in Hebrew as "el bene elohim" and "yahweh el elohim" or literally, "god of the council of gods" and Yahweh, god of the gods."
I am not proposing to present all of this in a chat room. Instead, here is a reading list of excellent studies;
Bodine, Walter R., (Ed.)
1992 "Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew." Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns
Jewish Publication Society
2004 “The Jewish Study Bible: TANAKA translation” Oxford University Press.
Pardee, Dennis
2002 "Writings from the Ancient World Vol. 10: Ritual and Cult at Ugarit" Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature
Parker, Simon B. (Editor)
1997 "Ugarit Narrative Poetry" Translated by Mark S. Smith, Simon B. Parker, Edward L Greenstein, Theodore J. Lewis, David Marcus, Vol. 9 Writings from the Ancient World. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature
Pope, Marvin H.
1965 “Job: A new translation with Introduction and Commentary” Anchor Bible Vol. 15, New York: ABRL/Doubleday
All of the authors cited above are Christian. This is apparently important to some people. There is a weirdness to this, and the Book was written by the Jews, for the Jews. In honor of that obvious fact, here are two essential books anyone pretending to be a serious student of the Bible must have;
Jewish Publication Society
2004 “The Jewish Study Bible: TANAKA translation” Oxford University Press.
Rabbi Natan Slifkin,
2007 “Sacred Monsters: Mysterious and Mythical Creatures of Scripture, Talmud and Midrash” New York: Zoo Torah and Yashar Books
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