There is another very pertinent portion of scripture which greatly aids us in determing exactly who "MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT" is. Although it's not found in the book of Revelation, I'll cite the same now and then offer some commentary in relation to the same over a series of four posts. First, here is the pertinent portion of scripture:
"By Silvanus, a faithful brother unto you, as I suppose, I have written briefly, exhorting, and testifying that this is the true grace of God wherein ye stand. The church that is at Babylon, elected together with you, saluteth you; and so doth Marcus my son." (I Peter 5:12-13)
To my understanding, there are at least four different factors in what we just read which offer us insight as to exactly where this "Babylon" is that Peter was writing from and all four, in my estimation, point directly to JERUSALEM and not in the least bit towards Rome or the apostate church. The four factors are as follows:
1. Silvanus, by whom the epistle was apparently delivered.
2. Peter, who wrote the epistle.
3. Marcus or Mark, who was apparently with Peter wherever he was writing from.
4. The "you" to whom Peter was writing.
I'll only cover Silvanus in this post, but, before I do, I need to mention that "Silvanus" and "Silas" are one and the same person in the New Testament. Yes, the Greek word "Σιλᾶς", which is translated as "Silas" (this name appears 13 times in the New Testament)...
http://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/...gs=G4609&t=KJV
...is a contraction of the Greek word "Σιλουανός", which is translated as "Silvanus" (this name appears 4 times in the New Testament)...
http://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/...gs=G4610&t=KJV
...and I believe that this will become apparent as we look at the actual instances in scripture where both names appear.
"Then pleased it the apostles and elders, with the whole church, to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren: And they wrote letters by them after this manner; The apostles and elders and brethren send greetings unto the brethren which are of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia: Forasmuch as we have heard, that certain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, Ye must be circumcised, and keep the law; to whom we gave no such commandment: It seemed good unto us, being assembled with one accord, to send chosen men unto you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, Men that have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who shall also tell you the same things by mouth. For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things; That ye abstain from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication: from which if ye keep yourselves, ye shall do well. Fare ye well. So when they were dismissed, they came to Antioch: and when they had gathered the multitude together, they delivered the epistle: Which when they had read, they rejoiced for the consolation. And Judas and Silas, being prophets also themselves, exhorted the brethren with many words, and confirmed them. And after they had tarried there a space, they were let go in peace from the brethren unto the apostles. Notwithstanding it pleased Silas to abide there still. Paul also and Barnabas continued in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also." (Acts 15:22-35)
Here are the first 4 instances in the New Testament where "Silas" is mentioned and we know the following about him from the same:
1. He was sent out FROM JERUSALEM (and he was a Jew - Acts 16:20) which is where this council was being held (Acts 15:2, 4).
2. He was known by PETER who was one of the apostles in attendance at said council IN JERUSALEM (Acts 15:7, 14).
3. He went FROM JERUSALEM to Antioch and remained there for a season.
No hint of "Silas" going to or from Rome here.
"And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord, and see how they do. And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark. But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work. And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto Cyprus; And Paul chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God. And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches." (Acts 15:36-41)
Here is the 5th mention of "Silas" in the New Testament and we see him departing from Antioch with Paul and going through Syria and Cilicia. Once more, we see Silas nowhere near Rome. Furthermore, please note that Barnabas took "John, whose surname was Mark" with him to Cyprus and that Paul didn't want Mark to go with them because he had "departed from them from Pamphylia". Well, where did "John, whose surname was Mark" depart to?
"Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they came to Perga in Pamphylia: and John departing from them returned to Jerusalem." (Acts 13:13)
When Paul was in Pamphylia, "John, whose surname was Mark" departed from him and "returned TO JERUSALEM". Remember that when we come to "Marcus" or "Mark". IOW, here's one instance where Mark was clearly in Jerusalem. Back to Silas:
"And when her masters saw that the hope of their gains was gone, they caught Paul and Silas, and drew them into the marketplace unto the rulers, And brought them to the magistrates, saying, These men, being Jews, do exceedingly trouble our city, And teach customs, which are not lawful for us to receive, neither to observe, being Romans. And the multitude rose up together against them: and the magistrates rent off their clothes, and commanded to beat them. And when they had laid many stripes upon them, they cast them into prison, charging the jailer to keep them safely: Who, having received such a charge, thrust them into the inner prison, and made their feet fast in the stocks. And at midnight Paul and Silas prayed, and sang praises unto God: and the prisoners heard them. And suddenly there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken: and immediately all the doors were opened, and every one's bands were loosed. And the keeper of the prison awaking out of his sleep, and seeing the prison doors open, he drew out his sword, and would have killed himself, supposing that the prisoners had been fled. But Paul cried with a loud voice, saying, Do thyself no harm: for we are all here. Then he called for a light, and sprang in, and came trembling, and fell down before Paul and Silas, And brought them out, and said, Sirs, what must I do to be saved?" (Acts 16:19-29)
Here are the 6th, 7th and 8th mentions of "Silas" in the New Testament and we find him with Paul in Philippi (Acts 16:12). Again, he's still nowhere near Rome and, as I've already mentioned, he is a Jew
(I'll explain why this might be very significant in a moment). Seeing how we see "Silas" in Phillipi, I'll now cite the first place where "Silvanus" is mentioned in the New Testament:
"For the Son of God, Jesus Christ, who was preached among you by us, even by me and Silvanus and Timotheus, was not yea and nay, but in him was yea." (II Corinthians 1:19)
This verse is of great significance for at least the following two reasons:
1. This epistle was written by Paul FROM PHILIPPI where he was imprisoned with "Silas".
2. Paul told the Corinthians that he had preached among them with "Silvanus" and Timotheus and we'll see how "Silas" and Timotheus were with Paul in Corinth in a moment (Acts 18:1, 5). IOW, "Silas" and "Silvanus" are, indeed, the same person.
Back to "Silas":
"Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where was a synagogue of the Jews: And Paul, as his manner was, went in unto them, and three sabbath days reasoned with them out of the scriptures, Opening and alleging, that Christ must needs have suffered, and risen again from the dead; and that this Jesus, whom I preach unto you, is Christ. And some of them believed Paul and Silas; and of the devout Greeks a great multitude, and of the chief women not a few. But the Jews which believed not, moved with envy, took unto them certain lewd fellows of the baser sort, and gathered a company, and set all the city on an uproar, and assaulted the house of Jason, and sought to bring them out to the people. And when they found them not, they drew Jason and certain brethren unto the rulers of the city, crying, These that have turned the world upside down are come hither also; Whom Jason hath received: and these all do contrary to the decrees of Caesar, saying that there is another king, one Jesus. And they troubled the people and the rulers of the city, when they heard these things. And when they had taken security of Jason, and of the other, they let them go. And the brethren immediately sent away Paul and Silas by night unto Berea: who coming thither went into the synagogue of the Jews. These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so. Therefore many of them believed; also of honourable women which were Greeks, and of men, not a few. But when the Jews of Thessalonica had knowledge that the word of God was preached of Paul at Berea, they came thither also, and stirred up the people. And then immediately the brethren sent away Paul to go as it were to the sea: but Silas and Timotheus abode there still." (Acts 17:1-14)
Here are the 9th, 10th and 11th mentions of "Silas" in the New Testament and we find him first at Thessalonica and then at Berea. Again, he is still nowhere near Rome. Seeing how he is seen here at Thessalonica, I'll now cite the second and third instances in the New Testament where "Silvanus" is mentioned:
"Paul, and Silvanus, and Timotheus, unto the church of the Thessalonians which is in God the Father and in the Lord Jesus Christ: Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ." (I Thessalonians 1:1)
"Paul, and Silvanus, and Timotheus, unto the church of the Thessalonians in God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ:" (II Thessalonians 1:1)
Seeing how Paul was preaching in Thessalonica with "Silas" (Acts 17:4), Paul mentioned "Silvanus" while writing to the Thessalonians because "Silas" and "Silvanus" are one and the same person. Not only this, but I Thessalonians and II Thessalonians were both penned by Paul while he was in Athens and we'll see in just a moment that "Silas", who is "Silvanus", was there with him.
"And they that conducted Paul brought him unto Athens: and receiving a commandment unto Silas and Timotheus for to come to him with all speed, they departed. Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was stirred in him, when he saw the city wholly given to idolatry." (Acts 17:15-16)
Here is the 12th mention of "Silas" in the New Testament. Again, Paul addressed his readers in Thessalonica in both his first and second epistles which were written from Athens with greetings from himself, "Silvanus" and Timotheus and Paul was in Athens with "Silas" and Timotheus. Again, "Silas" and "Silvanus" are one and the same person. Additionally, we can add Athens to the places where "Silas" or "Silvanus" was found, but we still see absolutely no mention of Rome in Silas' or Silvanus' journeys.
Now, let's look at the 13th and final mention of "Silas" in the New Testament:
"After these things Paul departed from Athens, and came to Corinth; And found a certain Jew name Aquila, born in Pontus, lately come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla; (because that Claudius had commanded all Jews to depart from Rome): and came unto them. And because he was of the same craft, he abode with them, and wrought: for by their occupation they were tentmakers. And he reasoned in the synagogue every sabbath, and persuaded the Jews and the Greeks. And when Silas and Timotheus were come from Macedonia, Paul was pressed in the spirit, and testified to the Jews that Jesus was Christ." (Acts 18:1-5)
Here, we find Paul in Corinth with "Silas" and Timotheus and, again, Paul wrote the following to the Corinthians:
"For the Son of God, Jesus Christ, who was preached among you by us, even by me and Silvanus and Timotheus, was not yea and nay, but in him was yea." (II Corinthians 1:19)
Paul preached in Corinth with "Silvanus" and Timotheus and we just read where Paul was in Corinth with "Silas" and Timotheus, so, once again, "Silas" and "Silvanus" are one and the same person.
Also, I personally find it interesting that Luke recorded how that "Claudius (Caesar) had commanded all Jews to depart from Rome". With such being the case, I find it highly unlikely that "Silas" or "Silvanus", who was a Jew (Acts 16:20), ever travelled into Rome himself.
Well, that's all 13 of the instances where "Silas" is mentioned in the New Testament and we've also already covered 3 of the 4 instances where "Silvanus" is mentioned in the New Testament, so let's now look at the final mention of "Silvanus":
"By Silvanus, a faithful brother unto you, as I suppose, I have written briefly, exhorting, and testifying that this is the true grace of God wherein ye stand. The church which is at Babylon, elected together with you, saluteth you; and so doth Marcus my son." (I Peter 5:12-13)
Peter wrote this epistle "by Silvanus" and he wrote it from "Babylon".
Since we know that Peter knew "Silas" who is "Silvanus" and seeing how they were both in Jerusalem together at least one time...
Since we see "Silas" or "Silvanus" travelling many places, but none of which were Rome or literal "Babylon"...
I'm certainly more apt to conclude that Peter was writing from Jerusalem as opposed to allegedly writing from Rome.
Anyhow, this is but one of four factors which I've mentioned, so I would ask that you wait until I've fully presented the scriptural evidence in relation to the other three factors before making your own final determinations. Thanks.