I won't claim to know how it is in every social group or dynamic, but as our society has mixed men and women more in social settings, the lines between what is a date and what is not a date have become quite uncertain and people have many different definitions. Examples: I can think of at least two different guys I went to movies alone with, but I wasn't dating either of them and it wasn't a date and that was understood by both parties. I can think of (especially back in my college days) several different guys that I would have dinner with one on one (even cooked for when I was cooking my own meals my senior year of college) and those weren't dates and weren't intended to be either. And truthfully even now, if I got to talking with a guy about something that we were both interested in; I wouldn't consider it a date if we went to participate in a related activity together.
As for when a guy asks me to hang out (or when I use the words myself), the phrase to me means this is a casual encounter without any serious romantic interest or intent. It's an absolutely just friends scenario; and regardless of any feelings or attraction on my part, if the guy just wants to hang out as friends, I'll treat him as just a friend and I expect the same of him. So yes, if you want to be more than just friends with the woman, don't ask her to hang out, use words that communicate more interest ( I might also add that if you don't want to be more than just friends, don't make her the buddy you do everything with so you're not doing it alone; she will eventually either get the wrong idea, or wish you wanted more and that's really not fair to her).
And I think part of the problem with asking a woman out on a date then, is you spend that time getting to know her and relating to her as a friend; and then it's awkward to change the established pattern and say you want to be more than friends, and now you're dealing with a friend that you care about and don't want to put through that awkwardness or discomfort rather than a stranger you barely know and who you never have to see again if things go badly. So yes, for those of us who are comfortable and accustomed to relating to members of the opposite sex as just people and friends. It can get complicated quickly. There may be people out there in the US whose friends are still primarily of the same gender and think of people of the opposite sex as only dating prospects rather than friendship prospects, but that certainly isn't the reality for many in the younger generations.