I think he is hurt, and he does not have another way to expres it. It does not have to be something you did, could be something at school, or how he thinks about himself, tension at home, etc.
I would advise you to keep your calm. He obviously can not control his emotions, but you can, altrough I can imagine it will be difficult.
Show him grace. Show him redempion love. And keep your voice calm and ask what he is feeling. This is a deeper issue he has. You have to get to the root of it.
Learn him to use his words instead of his emotions.
I guess whats it happening right now is he gets mad an fustrated about small stuff and you get fustrated because he won't listen or do what you want him to do. And you trigger each other in this. He gets emotional and you get emotional too. And one person must get out of this circle to break it.