No, it doesn't come from the Bible.
Being clean on the outward has absolutely nothing to do with being pure in heart. Jesus had dirty feet and He and the disciples ate before they washed their hands.
In Matthew 15, it's written:
Then some Pharisees and teachers of the law from Jerusalem came up to Jesus and asked Him, “How come Your disciples are breaking the elders’ traditions of eating before they wash their hands?” Jesus answered, “Why do you break God’s commandments for the sake of keeping your own traditions? God told you to honor your parents and that if you cursed them, you should be executed. But you guys say anyone can declare something as a 'devotion to God' and you dishonor your parents by withholding it from them. You are hypocrites! Isaiah was right when he prophesied, 'These folks talk about honoring God, but their hearts aren’t anywhere near Him. Their worship is worthless because they teach mere human rules.'"