The soul who sins is the one who will die.
Ezek 18:1-4
The word of the LORD came to me: “What do you mean by repeating this proverb concerning the land of Israel, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge’? As I live, declares the Lord GOD, this proverb shall no more be used by you in Israel. Behold, all souls are mine; the soul of the father as well as the soul of the son is mine:
the soul who sins shall die.
http://www.freebiblecommentary.org/old_testament_studies/VOL13BOT/VOL13BOT_18.html
"The soul who sins will die" The emphasis is on individual covenant responsibility (cf. Ezek. 14:20; Deut. 24:17). Remember it is not "either/or," but "both/and" between individual responsibility and corporate responsibility. This same tension can be seen between original sin and volitional sin (cf. Gen. 2:17; Rom. 6:23). This truth is also seen in Deut. 24:16.
What does "die" (BDB 559, KB 562) mean here? It must be more than physical death! It is the opposite of true "life" (cf. Ezek. 18:9). There is "life" (BDB 310, KB 309) beyond this reality. This "life" is characterized by the presence and character of God.
One wonders how the
Qal ACTIVE PARTICIPLE "sins," should be understood. Does it imply that a one-time sin brings death or is that already a reality in the Fall (cf. Genesis 3)? How would one relate this statement to 1 John 3:6,9 (PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE)? Are we speaking of sin that characterizes the life or acts of sin? I would assume, because of the idolatrous actions of Ezek. 18:7 and the covenant partners' violations of Ezek. 18:8, that we are speaking of a life characterized by covenant rebellion (cf. Ezek. 18:9).
The Bible mentions three kinds of death or possibly progressive stages of death. The first is Genesis 3. Adam and Eve ate of the forbidden fruit, but they were still alive physically. The "death" referred to was relational (i.e., God to human, human to human, and human to self), as well as contextual (i.e., the planet, the ethos was altered).
The second aspect of death is personal, physical death (cf. Genesis 5). Spiritual death (cf. Eph. 2:1) resulted in the physical cessation of life.
The third aspect (or progress) is ultimate, everlasting death (cf. Rev. 2:11; 20:6,14), which involves
- a permanent separation from fellowship with God
- a permanent isolation from God's purpose for creation (i.e., loss of heaven)
- a permanent fellowship of punishment with evil persons and rebellious angels
Here are translations (some are para-phrase translations) by Greek scholars:
New International Version
For everyone belongs to me, the parent as well as the child—both alike belong to me. The one who sins is the one who will die.
New Living Translation
For all people are mine to judge—both parents and children alike. And this is my rule: The person who sins is the one who will die.
Christian Standard Bible
Look, every life belongs to me. The life of the father is like the life of the son—both belong to me. The person who sins is the one who will die.
Holman Christian Standard Bible
Look, every life belongs to Me. The life of the father is like the life of the son—both belong to Me. The person who sins is the one who will die.”
Contemporary English Version
The lives of all people belong to me--parents as well as children. However, only those who sin will be put to death.
Good News Translation
The life of every person belongs to me, the life of the parent as well as that of the child. The person who sins is the one who will die.
International Standard Version
Look! Every living soul belongs to me—the father's as well as the son's. So pay attention! The person who keeps on sinning is going to die."
International Standard Version
Look! Every living soul belongs to me—the father's as well as the son's. So pay attention! The person who keeps on sinning is going to die."
New American Bible
For all life is mine: the life of the parent is like the life of the child, both are mine. Only the one who sins shall die!
NET Bible
Indeed! All lives are mine--the life of the father as well as the life of the son is mine. The one who sins will die.
New Revised Standard Version
Know that all lives are mine; the life of the parent as well as the life of the child is mine: it is only the person who sins that shall die.
Yes, the rest of the translations on biblehub.com use the word "soul". But these translations all SHOW that the text is speaking about capital punishment, NOT about being thrown into the LOF.
So Ezek 18:4 does not support the annihilationist claim of immaterial souls ceasing to exist.