Yes, and also when we through our own conscious will put to death the works/longings of the flesh
I am glad to find some agreement. We both see, view, and consider the flesh, its works, and its longings to be evil. And I would say that everyone who is in Christ sees their own flesh the same way.
James describes the lifecycle of sin this way...
14 But each one is tempted when he is drawn away by his own desires and enticed. 15 Then, when desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and sin, when it is full-grown, brings forth death. (Jas 1:14–15)
Temptation acts on the desires of the flesh and entices us. But God always gives us an escape to resist temptation...
No temptation has overtaken you except such as is common to man; but God is faithful, who will not allow you to be tempted beyond what you are able, but with the temptation will also make the way of escape, that you may be able to bear it. (1 Co 10:13)
So, we can say that every time we have failed to resist temptation it was because we refused to take the escape God provided. Whenever this occurs, God corrects us because we are His children and He is our loving Father...
7 If you endure chastening, God deals with you as with sons; for what son is there whom a father does not chasten? 8 But if you are without chastening, of which all have become partakers, then you are illegitimate and not sons. 9 Furthermore, we have had human fathers who corrected us, and we paid them respect. Shall we not much more readily be in subjection to the Father of spirits and live? 10 For they indeed for a few days chastened us as seemed best to them, but He for our profit, that we may be partakers of His holiness. 11 Now no chastening seems to be joyful for the present, but painful; nevertheless, afterward it yields the peaceable fruit of righteousness to those who have been trained by it. (Heb 12:7–11)
But His correction does not exempt us from the consequences of our actions, because when we walk in the flesh we reap the fruit of the flesh...
7 Do not be deceived, God is not mocked; for whatever a man sows, that he will also reap. 8 For he who sows to his flesh will of the flesh reap corruption, but he who sows to the Spirit will of the Spirit reap everlasting life. (Ga 6:7–8)
If we want to avoid His correction and the fruit of walking in the flesh, then we must walk in the Spirit. The flesh pulls us in one direction and the Spirit pulls us in the opposite direction. As a result, walking in the Spirit is the only way to avoid walking in the flesh and reaping the consequences...
16 I say then: Walk in the Spirit, and you shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh. 17 For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; and these are contrary to one another, so that you do not do the things that you wish. 18 But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law. (Ga 5:16–18)
So, yeah, an act of the will is required to walk in the Spirit. And it is safe to say that walking in the flesh is not righteous. But trusting that all our failures are forgiven because of Christ's sacrifice for our sins (and for the sinfulness of our flesh) is counted by God as righteousness. As an aside, if the flesh is sinful and can't be reformed, and if the sinfulness of the flesh is not forgiven, how is the penalty for it's sins and sinfulness disposed of?