The Synod of Dort was in response to the five errors in the doctrine in the Arminians presented in 1610, among which are:
Error 1.f: Not every election to salvation is unchangeable. Some of the elect can and do indeed perish everlastingly, notwithstanding any decree of God.
Refutation: This gross error makes God changeable, destroys the comfort which the believers obtain from the firmness of their election, and contradicts Holy Scripture: The elect cannot be led astray (Mat thew 24:24); Christ does not lose those given to him by the Father (John 6:39); and those whom God predestined, called, and justified, he also glorifies (Romans 8:30).
Error 1.g: In this life there is no fruit, consciousness, or certainty of the unchangeable election to glory, except such as is based upon a changeable and uncertain condition.
Refutation: To speak about an uncertain certainty is not only absurd but also contrary to the experience of the believers. As a result of the awareness of their election, they glory with the apostle in this favour of God.1 With the disciples of Christ they rejoice that their names are written in heaven.2 They put the consciousness of their election over against the flaming darts of the devil, when they exclaim: “Who will bring any charge against those whom God has chosen” (Romans 8:33)? 1 Ephesians 1. 2 Luke 10:20.
From the Canons of Dort, (1618-1619)
Article 1.12: The assurance of election
The elect in due time, though in various stages and in different measure, are made certain of this their eternal and unchangeable election to salvation. They attain this assurance, however, not by inquisitively prying into the hidden and deep things of God, but by observing in themselves, with spiritual joy and holy delight, the unfailing fruits of election pointed out in the Word of God: such as a true faith in Christ, a childlike fear of God, a godly sorrow for their sins, and a hunger and thirst for righteousness.
The secret things belong to the LORD our God, but the revealed things belong to us and to our children forever, to observe all the words of this law. (Deut 29:29, NRSV)
these things God has revealed to us through the Spirit; for the Spirit searches everything, even the depths of God. For what human being knows what is truly human except the human spirit that is within? So also no one comprehends what is truly God’s except the Spirit of God. (1Cor 2:10-11, NRSV)
Examine yourselves to see whether you are living in the faith. Test yourselves. Do you not realize that Jesus Christ is in you?—unless, indeed, you fail to meet the test! (2Cor 13:5, NRSV)
For godly grief produces a repentance that leads to salvation and brings no regret, but worldly grief produces death. (2Cor 7:10, NRSV)
“Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled. (Matt 5:6, NRSV)
Article 1.13: The value of this assurance
The awareness and assurance of this election provide the children of God with greater reason for daily humbling themselves before God, for adoring the depth of his mercies, for cleansing themselves, and for fervently loving him in turn who first so greatly loved them. It is therefore not at all true that this doctrine of election and the reflection on it makes them lax in observing the commands of God or falsely secure. In the just judgment of God, this usually happens to those who rashly presume to have the grace of election, or idly and boldly chatter about it, but refuse to walk in the ways of the elect.
And all who have this hope in him purify themselves, just as he is pure. (1John 3:3, NRSV)
We love because he first loved us. (1John 4:19, NRSV)
The acronym TULIP did not come from Calvin, and the exact wording is not found in the Canons of Dort. The TULIP acronym was created by Dr Cleland B. McAfee around 1905. It was a memory aid attempting to summarize the response in the Synod of Dort to the errors of the Arminians. Sadly, it opened the door to heretics and the uneducated for their attacks on the biblical gospel.
Canons of Dort