Matthew 21:42-43 does not say the kingdom of God has been taken from Israel and given to the church.
Matthew 21:42 Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?
Matthew 21:43 Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof.
Jesus did not say the kingdom of God would be taken from Israel, but from the people He was addressing. He was addressing "the chief priests and elders of the people" Verse 45 makes that obvious:
Matthew 21:45 And when the chief priests and Pharisees had heard his parables, they perceived that he spake of them.
This passage teaches the Jewish religious rulers of Jesus' day lost their position in the kingdom of God because of their rejection of Christ. The kingdom of God would be taken from them and given to others. Jesus did not say the kingdom of God would be given to the church, but to "another nation." The church is NOT another "nation". To interpret this "other nation" as the church contradicts the context of the passage. It contradicts God's promises to Israel in the Old Testament. It contradicts consistent New Testament revelation concerning the kingdom of God. The parable itself teaches that Israel and her promises shall remain intact in a future restoration. In the parable of Matthew 21:33-44, the vineyard is Israel and the husbandmen pictures Israel's spiritual rulers. It is the husbandmen who are destroyed and replaced, not the vineyard. The Old Testament reference (Psalms 118:22) which Jesus quoted in Matthew 21:42 upholds the truth that Israel's rulers are replaced, not Israel herself. In Psalms 118:22, it is the "builders" who are in view. The builders are the spiritual rulers of Israel who rejected Christ, God's Chief Stone. Therefore, again, Jesus is teaching that the rulers shall lose their place because of their rebellion. The builders are rejected, not the building. Old Testament testimony upholds the truth that Israel's rulers are replaced, not Israel herself. God's promises to national Israel cannot be lost through disobedience because of their unconditional, eternal nature and because God has continued to reaffirm them after disobedience. The covenants promised that Israel would be chastened for sin, but not permanently cast aside. New Testament testimony promises the nation Israel a future restoration. The kingdom of God in the New Testament points to the same future, earthly Davidic kingdom as that foretold in the Old Testament. (Way of Life Encyclopedia: Kingdom of God [excerpts])