Precisely.
I have no idea what you're asking. First of all, evolution doesn't cover origins. That's a study called abiogenesis. Second, we're not entirely sure how life began. However, we do have a fairly good understanding of some possibilities that is supported by evidence. It's a young study, so it's not yet conclusive. Evolution, on the other hand, is well understood and supported by mountains of evidence.
Science can't be used to verify everything. Most of history is lost in time, as well as many potential scientific discoveries. There are unknowns out there that will forever remain unknown. For example, we will most likely never have the scientific ability to determine what a particular dinosaur ate at exactly 387 days old. We may never know the true color of most fossilized species. We may never know the EXACT age of the Earth.
It's not my job to prove the Bible false. It's your job to prove it true. The same goes for every other religious book such as the Qur'an, the Tanakh, and Dianetics. There is no reason to assume any of these texts to be factual until they are proven to be factual.
Though I addressed this already, I just need to stress out that you're dead wrong. Science doesn't use assumptions when observing the past. Science relies on different methods of observation that have been verified. A good example of this is Dendrochronology, the method of using tree rings as a means of dating. We understand what causes tree rings, and we understand that trees of similar species within an area will have similar tree ring patterns in which their life spans overlap. This is a very basic and easy to understand method and probably the easiest example of how we use science to date past objects.
No it doesn't. Scientists, as far as I'm aware, have not made a statement that they know for sure how life formed or how the Earth was formed. However, we do have some fairly well supported theories. Evolution, on the other hand, has been verified beyond a doubt.
Different scientific fields are at different stages of progress. In some fields, we know a lot. In others, we're still learning. It's important to understand that even when scientists can't explain for sure how a past event happened, they can narrow down the answers.
The difference is, if someone corrects my understanding of Christianity and Christian belief, I'll look into the issue further and correct myself (or at least avoid making the same flawed arguments) in the future.
That's perfectly fine. However, you're stepping out of the bounds of your personal convictions and debating science without having even the most basic understanding of what science is.
I didn't think it would be necessary for me to explain that the research is conclusive. The dating methods we use, how they work, and why they work, have all been verified. We even understand when they don't work. Scientists are also careful enough to use at least two dating methods when verifying the age of an object since there's always a chance one of the methods may not work correctly due to other variables that may not have been known at the time. If two dating methods results in two different dates, then multiple other dating methods are used when possible before an age can be established.
This statement is nonsensical.