Because I don't understand Greek.
Surely at least one translation of the Bible beside Greek is not ambiguous on this verse.
Just one?
There are a few English translations and paraphrases that lean toward linking εἰς ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν (“for forgiveness of sins”) more directly with repent than with be baptized. These generally reflect the grammatical argument that Luke’s plural/singular shift puts forgiveness with the collective command “repent,” while baptism is each individual’s outward act.
1. New American Standard Bible (NASB, esp. 1995 edition)
“Peter said to them, ‘Repent, and each of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins; and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.’”
The punctuation leaves the possibility that “forgiveness” modifies “repent,” though it can also be read both ways. NASB’s footnotes often acknowledge the ambiguity.
2. Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB, 2004)
“Repent,” Peter said to them, “and be baptized, each of you, in the name of Jesus the Messiah, for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.”
Again, the rendering mirrors the Greek, but many Baptist interpreters (including those following Robertson) read the grammar as forgiveness attaching primarily to “repent.”
3. Expanded Bible / Amplified-Style Versions
Some modern expansions will insert notes like:
“Repent [change your hearts and lives], and each of you be baptized … so that your sins may be forgiven [or as a demonstration of repentance].”
Translations/Paraphrases That Explicitly Reflect This View
1. New English Translation (NET Bible) – with translator’s note
“…Repent, and each one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.”
The NET note (tn) explains: “It is possible to understand the phrase ‘for the forgiveness of your sins’ as modifying ‘repent’ rather than ‘be baptized’.”
2. God’s Word Translation (GW)
“Peter answered them, ‘All of you must turn to God and change the way you think and act, and each of you must be baptized … so that your sins will be forgiven.’”
The paraphrase “turn … change … and be baptized” separates the repentance clause, making forgiveness appear to flow from it primarily.
Scholarly Support
• A. T. Robertson himself leaned toward View C in his Word Pictures in the NT. He wrote that “εἰς ἄφεσιν” is grammatically closer to repent and that baptism is the visible expression of that inward change.
• Other grammarians (e.g., J. R. Mantey) argue that the construction supports forgiveness linked with repentance, while baptism is commanded but not the causal instrument.
Greek Grammarians / Linguists Who View Repentance at the Forefront in Acts
1. J. R. Mantey (Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament, with H. E. Dana, 1927)
• Mantey argued that the construction “εἰς ἄφεσιν” here ties forgiveness primarily to repentance. Baptism is commanded but is seen as the public testimony of the repentance.
2. Nigel Turner (Grammar of New Testament Greek, vol. 3, Syntax, 1963)
• Turner notes that in Acts 2:38, the plural “repent” and the singular “be baptized” suggest repentance as the collective requirement for forgiveness, with baptism applied individually.
3. A. T. Robertson (Word Pictures in the New Testament, Acts 2:38 entry, 1930s)
• Robertson stresses the number shift (plural → singular) and argues that forgiveness attaches grammatically to repentance. He called baptism “the outward act” showing repentance.
Commentators and Theologians Using Greek Argumentation
1. Charles Hodge (Princeton Theological Seminary, 19th century)
• While not writing a Greek grammar, he appealed to the Greek syntax to argue that forgiveness is tied to repentance, with baptism understood as the natural sequel.
2. F. F. Bruce (The Book of Acts, NICNT, 1954/1988 rev.)
• Bruce acknowledged the syntax can favor linking forgiveness with repentance. He stresses baptism as “inseparably associated” with conversion in the early church, but not itself the cause of forgiveness.
3. Richard N. Longenecker (Acts, Expositor’s Bible Commentary, 1981)
• Longenecker likewise leans toward View C, explaining that grammatically the phrase can be tied to repentance, though baptism was still assumed as the normative response.
4. Daniel B. Wallace (Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, 1996)
• Wallace discusses Acts 2:38 in connection with εἰς and notes that there are strong grammatical grounds for associating forgiveness with repentance. He explicitly cites Robertson’s view approvingly as a legitimate reading.