Interesting question. lately I have been reading some of the posts on here regarding the 7th day Sabbath of The Lord God.
One of the main arguments that I see given is that it si part of the Old Covenant. well lets take a look at the Covenants.
Gen 3:15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.
Notice that the first promise to save man was given to Adam and eve. remember that covenant means promise. God promised that he would make a way of escape for humanity.
Gen 9:8 And God spake unto Noah, and to his sons with him, saying,
Gen 9:9 And I, behold, I establish my covenant with you, and with your seed after you;
Noah was then given the promise/Covenant. notice the word establish here, it means to confirm, continue to affirm. In other words it is not new with Noah it is a re-establishment of the old promise.
So God is saying that Noah will be the next person that God will continue the covenant through to all flesh. notice also that both to Adam and Eve the promise was concerning their "seed".
Gen 15:18 In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates:
Here again we find Abraham and here the promise is yet again made. and again it is concerning Abraham's seed. This covenant/promise is the same one given from the beginning.
Gen 17:4 As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many nations.
Gen 17:5 Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee.
Gen 17:6 And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out of thee.
Gen 17:7 And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee.
I would like to notice some things here.
1: In verse 7 God says it shall be an everlasting covenant. Everlasting means perpetual, without end, does not stop. it is eternal.
2: who was the eternal Promise/covenant with? Answer: verse 7 again, with thee and Thy seed. so the covenant was with Abraham and his seed not just Abraham. who is His seed? Answer: verse 6 I will make Nations of thee. verse 5: for a Father of Many nations.
clearly here the covenant to Abraham was not just to Abraham but to his seed which was not just Israel but many nations. Some may say well there was Ishmael also who was a nation. but what does the bible tell us the seed of Abraham is?
Gal 3:28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.
Gal 3:29 And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise.
If we are in Christ then we are the seed of Abraham. thus the covenant given to Abraham is also the covenant given to us through Jesus Christ. we are the seed of Abraham because we are in Jesus and Jesus is the true seed.
by the was notice why the covenant was made with Abraham.
Gen 26:3 Sojourn in this land, and I will be with thee, and will bless thee; for unto thee, and unto thy seed, I will give all these countries, and I will perform the oath which I sware unto Abraham thy father;
Gen 26:4 And I will make thy seed to multiply as the stars of heaven, and will give unto thy seed all these countries; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed;
Gen 26:5 Because that Abraham obeyed my voice, and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws.
notice the promise to Isaac is the same "oath" that God gave Abraham. why because Abraham obeyed Gods voice, charge, commandments, statutes and laws.
so far the covenant to Adam and Eve has passed down through humanity to Isaac.
Now lets go down to Moses and Israel.
Exo 2:21 And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter.
Exo 2:22 And she bare him a son, and he called his name Gershom: for he said, I have been a stranger in a strange land.
Exo 2:23 And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage.
Exo 2:24 And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob.
Exo 2:25 And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God had respect unto them.
notice here that God has pity on his people in slavery to Egypt and verse 24 tells us that God remembered his covenant/promise with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. so now Gods actions in saving Israel has to do with the Same covenant with Abraham.
Listen to what God says to Moses at the burning bush:
Exo 6:4 And I have also established my covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land of their pilgrimage, wherein they were strangers.
Exo 6:5 And I have also heard the groaning of the children of Israel, whom the Egyptians keep in bondage; and I have remembered my covenant.
God will Establish, confirm the same covenant/promise with them that he did Abraham. read verse 3.
Exo 19:5 Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people: for all the earth is mine:
Exo 19:6 And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel.
Exo 19:7 And Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and laid before their faces all these words which the LORD commanded him.
now God makes the covenant clear that it is based on obedience to God. same reason we read that Abraham received the Covenant.
Exo 31:16 Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant.
notice here that the Sabbath is a sign of the covenant that is eternal in nature. if the covenant is eternal then so is the sign of the covenant. now some may argue, "well it does say Israel"
Rom 9:6 Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel:
Gal 3:28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.
Remember If we follow Christ then we are Abraham seed and we are spiritual Israel.
notice the covenant required blood:
Exo 24:8 And Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said, Behold the blood of the covenant, which the LORD hath made with you concerning all these words.
but this blood was a shadow of the blood of Christ.
So what was the covenant?
Exo 34:28 And he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, nor drink water. And he wrote upon the tables the words of the covenant, the ten commandments.
the ten commandments are the covenant.
This is why blood was needed. the commandments could not be changed so blood had to be spilt to save us.
now lets take note before we look at the new covenant. the covenant required obedience. obey what? the ten commandments. but because people had broken it in the past there was needed blood of the animals known as the blood of the covenant. this shows the unchangeable nature of the commandments. but the blood of animals was not enough so it foreshadowed the blood of Jesus.
Heb 9:1 Then verily the first covenant had also ordinances of divine service, and a worldly sanctuary.
first covenant shadow took place in earthly sanctuary
Heb 9:4 Which had the golden censer, and the ark of the covenant overlaid round about with gold, wherein was the golden pot that had manna, and Aaron's rod that budded, and the tables of the covenant;
notice again the tables of stone are the covenant. Ten commandments
now here is the problem with the old covenant
Heb 9:7 But into the second went the high priest alone once every year, not without blood, which he offered for himself, and for the errors of the people:
Heb 9:8 The Holy Ghost this signifying, that the way into the holiest of all was not yet made manifest, while as the first tabernacle was yet standing:
Heb 9:9 Which was a figure for the time then present, in which were offered both gifts and sacrifices, that could not make him that did the service perfect, as pertaining to the conscience;
notice what is being said here. that the priestly duties only signified what would happen in the holiest which was not yet manifest. nor was it while the earthly temple was in existence. but was a shadow/figure of the real. in which the sacrifices of the old were not good enough.
Heb 9:11 But Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this building;
Heb 9:12 Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us.
Heb 9:13 For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh:
Heb 9:14 How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?
here it is Jesus entered the Heavenly tabernacle when? after his death he entered with his own blood. because the blood of animals was not good enough.
So the earthly tabernacle and covenant were shadow of the real and new one in Jesus.
Heb 9:23 It was therefore necessary that the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.
Heb 9:24 For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, which are the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us:
Heb 9:25 Nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest entereth into the holy place every year with blood of others;
read whole chapter for more detail. so what is the new covenant?
Heb 8:8 For finding fault with them, he saith, Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah:
Heb 8:9 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt; because they continued not in my covenant, and I regarded them not, saith the Lord.
Heb 8:10 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people:
it is Gods laws in our hearts and minds. the ten commandment rewritten on our hearts.
who is the mediator of this covenant?
Heb 12:24 And to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better things than that of Abel.
Jesus is. remember that the new covenant is often misunderstood. the word translated new actually means renewed. not brand new. in other words God established His covenant with us but with the blood of Jesus. which the old foreshadowed.
with every truth God has left an object lesson to teach the same truth. so also with this covenant.
Exo 32:7 And the LORD said unto Moses, Go, get thee down; for thy people, which thou broughtest out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves:
Exo 32:8 They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them: they have made them a molten calf, and have worshipped it, and have sacrificed thereunto, and said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which have brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.
Exo 32:9 And the LORD said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people:
Exo 32:10 Now therefore let me alone, that my wrath may wax hot against them, and that I may consume them: and I will make of thee a great nation.
Exo 32:11 And Moses besought the LORD his God, and said, LORD, why doth thy wrath wax hot against thy people, which thou hast brought forth out of the land of Egypt with great power, and with a mighty hand?
Exo 32:12 Wherefore should the Egyptians speak, and say, For mischief did he bring them out, to slay them in the mountains, and to consume them from the face of the earth? Turn from thy fierce wrath, and repent of this evil against thy people.
Exo 32:13 Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, thy servants, to whom thou swarest by thine own self, and saidst unto them, I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken of will I give unto your seed, and they shall inherit it for ever.
Exo 32:14 And the LORD repented of the evil which he thought to do unto his people.
Exo 32:15 And Moses turned, and went down from the mount, and the two tables of the testimony were in his hand: the tables were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written.
Exo 32:16 And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables.
notice that Moses intercedes for Israel he is a type of Christ. why was God going to punish them?
because they broke the commandments/Covenant of God. they broke the first and second commandment.
Exo 32:21 And Moses said unto Aaron, What did this people unto thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them?
notice that the breaking of the commandment is sin. see 1 John 3:4
Exo 32:19 And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto the camp, that he saw the calf, and the dancing: and Moses' anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount.
notice that Moses breaks the tables of the commandments physically in response the the spiritual breaking of the commandments by Israel. notice that the old one/first one is broken by Israel.
Jer 31:31 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
Jer 31:32 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD:
so where is the new one in this illustration?
Deu 10:1 At that time the LORD said unto me, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first, and come up unto me into the mount, and make thee an ark of wood.
Deu 10:2 And I will write on the tables the words that were in the first tables which thou brakest, and thou shalt put them in the ark.
Deu 10:3 And I made an ark of ****tim wood, and hewed two tables of stone like unto the first, and went up into the mount, having the two tables in mine hand.
Deu 10:4 And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which the LORD spake unto you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and the LORD gave them unto me.
here God writes the same commandments the same covenant but on different stones. it is the shadow fo the new covenant.
Notice:
Jer 31:33 But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people.
the law is now written in their hearts. this is the verses that Hebrews quotes from concerning the new covenant.
Remember that the old covenant took place in the earthly sanctuary but we are told it is a copy of the heavenly one where the reality of the covenant plays out. what does John see in heaven in vision?
Rev 11:19 And the temple of God was opened in heaven, and there was seen in his temple the ark of his testament: and there were lightnings, and voices, and thunderings, and an earthquake, and great hail.
testament means covenant. and it is in heaven now. John saw it. why was it called the ark of the covenant? because in it was the covenant law the ten commandments.
This is by far a short version of how it all works. but it is clear that the 10 commandments that were givne to Moses are the same laws that Abraham obeyed and the same law of the covenant written on our hearts and in our minds. the covenant with us is the same as Abraham only better. it is with the true blood of Jesus and the true high priest Jesus and in the true sanctuary in heaven. The law is the same it is there also. blessings all.
One of the main arguments that I see given is that it si part of the Old Covenant. well lets take a look at the Covenants.
Gen 3:15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.
Notice that the first promise to save man was given to Adam and eve. remember that covenant means promise. God promised that he would make a way of escape for humanity.
Gen 9:8 And God spake unto Noah, and to his sons with him, saying,
Gen 9:9 And I, behold, I establish my covenant with you, and with your seed after you;
Noah was then given the promise/Covenant. notice the word establish here, it means to confirm, continue to affirm. In other words it is not new with Noah it is a re-establishment of the old promise.
So God is saying that Noah will be the next person that God will continue the covenant through to all flesh. notice also that both to Adam and Eve the promise was concerning their "seed".
Gen 15:18 In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates:
Here again we find Abraham and here the promise is yet again made. and again it is concerning Abraham's seed. This covenant/promise is the same one given from the beginning.
Gen 17:4 As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many nations.
Gen 17:5 Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee.
Gen 17:6 And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out of thee.
Gen 17:7 And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee.
I would like to notice some things here.
1: In verse 7 God says it shall be an everlasting covenant. Everlasting means perpetual, without end, does not stop. it is eternal.
2: who was the eternal Promise/covenant with? Answer: verse 7 again, with thee and Thy seed. so the covenant was with Abraham and his seed not just Abraham. who is His seed? Answer: verse 6 I will make Nations of thee. verse 5: for a Father of Many nations.
clearly here the covenant to Abraham was not just to Abraham but to his seed which was not just Israel but many nations. Some may say well there was Ishmael also who was a nation. but what does the bible tell us the seed of Abraham is?
Gal 3:28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.
Gal 3:29 And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise.
If we are in Christ then we are the seed of Abraham. thus the covenant given to Abraham is also the covenant given to us through Jesus Christ. we are the seed of Abraham because we are in Jesus and Jesus is the true seed.
by the was notice why the covenant was made with Abraham.
Gen 26:3 Sojourn in this land, and I will be with thee, and will bless thee; for unto thee, and unto thy seed, I will give all these countries, and I will perform the oath which I sware unto Abraham thy father;
Gen 26:4 And I will make thy seed to multiply as the stars of heaven, and will give unto thy seed all these countries; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed;
Gen 26:5 Because that Abraham obeyed my voice, and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws.
notice the promise to Isaac is the same "oath" that God gave Abraham. why because Abraham obeyed Gods voice, charge, commandments, statutes and laws.
so far the covenant to Adam and Eve has passed down through humanity to Isaac.
Now lets go down to Moses and Israel.
Exo 2:21 And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter.
Exo 2:22 And she bare him a son, and he called his name Gershom: for he said, I have been a stranger in a strange land.
Exo 2:23 And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage.
Exo 2:24 And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob.
Exo 2:25 And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God had respect unto them.
notice here that God has pity on his people in slavery to Egypt and verse 24 tells us that God remembered his covenant/promise with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. so now Gods actions in saving Israel has to do with the Same covenant with Abraham.
Listen to what God says to Moses at the burning bush:
Exo 6:4 And I have also established my covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land of their pilgrimage, wherein they were strangers.
Exo 6:5 And I have also heard the groaning of the children of Israel, whom the Egyptians keep in bondage; and I have remembered my covenant.
God will Establish, confirm the same covenant/promise with them that he did Abraham. read verse 3.
Exo 19:5 Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people: for all the earth is mine:
Exo 19:6 And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel.
Exo 19:7 And Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and laid before their faces all these words which the LORD commanded him.
now God makes the covenant clear that it is based on obedience to God. same reason we read that Abraham received the Covenant.
Exo 31:16 Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant.
notice here that the Sabbath is a sign of the covenant that is eternal in nature. if the covenant is eternal then so is the sign of the covenant. now some may argue, "well it does say Israel"
Rom 9:6 Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel:
Gal 3:28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.
Remember If we follow Christ then we are Abraham seed and we are spiritual Israel.
notice the covenant required blood:
Exo 24:8 And Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said, Behold the blood of the covenant, which the LORD hath made with you concerning all these words.
but this blood was a shadow of the blood of Christ.
So what was the covenant?
Exo 34:28 And he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, nor drink water. And he wrote upon the tables the words of the covenant, the ten commandments.
the ten commandments are the covenant.
This is why blood was needed. the commandments could not be changed so blood had to be spilt to save us.
now lets take note before we look at the new covenant. the covenant required obedience. obey what? the ten commandments. but because people had broken it in the past there was needed blood of the animals known as the blood of the covenant. this shows the unchangeable nature of the commandments. but the blood of animals was not enough so it foreshadowed the blood of Jesus.
Heb 9:1 Then verily the first covenant had also ordinances of divine service, and a worldly sanctuary.
first covenant shadow took place in earthly sanctuary
Heb 9:4 Which had the golden censer, and the ark of the covenant overlaid round about with gold, wherein was the golden pot that had manna, and Aaron's rod that budded, and the tables of the covenant;
notice again the tables of stone are the covenant. Ten commandments
now here is the problem with the old covenant
Heb 9:7 But into the second went the high priest alone once every year, not without blood, which he offered for himself, and for the errors of the people:
Heb 9:8 The Holy Ghost this signifying, that the way into the holiest of all was not yet made manifest, while as the first tabernacle was yet standing:
Heb 9:9 Which was a figure for the time then present, in which were offered both gifts and sacrifices, that could not make him that did the service perfect, as pertaining to the conscience;
notice what is being said here. that the priestly duties only signified what would happen in the holiest which was not yet manifest. nor was it while the earthly temple was in existence. but was a shadow/figure of the real. in which the sacrifices of the old were not good enough.
Heb 9:11 But Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this building;
Heb 9:12 Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us.
Heb 9:13 For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh:
Heb 9:14 How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?
here it is Jesus entered the Heavenly tabernacle when? after his death he entered with his own blood. because the blood of animals was not good enough.
So the earthly tabernacle and covenant were shadow of the real and new one in Jesus.
Heb 9:23 It was therefore necessary that the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.
Heb 9:24 For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, which are the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us:
Heb 9:25 Nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest entereth into the holy place every year with blood of others;
read whole chapter for more detail. so what is the new covenant?
Heb 8:8 For finding fault with them, he saith, Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah:
Heb 8:9 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt; because they continued not in my covenant, and I regarded them not, saith the Lord.
Heb 8:10 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people:
it is Gods laws in our hearts and minds. the ten commandment rewritten on our hearts.
who is the mediator of this covenant?
Heb 12:24 And to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better things than that of Abel.
Jesus is. remember that the new covenant is often misunderstood. the word translated new actually means renewed. not brand new. in other words God established His covenant with us but with the blood of Jesus. which the old foreshadowed.
with every truth God has left an object lesson to teach the same truth. so also with this covenant.
Exo 32:7 And the LORD said unto Moses, Go, get thee down; for thy people, which thou broughtest out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves:
Exo 32:8 They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them: they have made them a molten calf, and have worshipped it, and have sacrificed thereunto, and said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which have brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.
Exo 32:9 And the LORD said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people:
Exo 32:10 Now therefore let me alone, that my wrath may wax hot against them, and that I may consume them: and I will make of thee a great nation.
Exo 32:11 And Moses besought the LORD his God, and said, LORD, why doth thy wrath wax hot against thy people, which thou hast brought forth out of the land of Egypt with great power, and with a mighty hand?
Exo 32:12 Wherefore should the Egyptians speak, and say, For mischief did he bring them out, to slay them in the mountains, and to consume them from the face of the earth? Turn from thy fierce wrath, and repent of this evil against thy people.
Exo 32:13 Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, thy servants, to whom thou swarest by thine own self, and saidst unto them, I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken of will I give unto your seed, and they shall inherit it for ever.
Exo 32:14 And the LORD repented of the evil which he thought to do unto his people.
Exo 32:15 And Moses turned, and went down from the mount, and the two tables of the testimony were in his hand: the tables were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written.
Exo 32:16 And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables.
notice that Moses intercedes for Israel he is a type of Christ. why was God going to punish them?
because they broke the commandments/Covenant of God. they broke the first and second commandment.
Exo 32:21 And Moses said unto Aaron, What did this people unto thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them?
notice that the breaking of the commandment is sin. see 1 John 3:4
Exo 32:19 And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto the camp, that he saw the calf, and the dancing: and Moses' anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount.
notice that Moses breaks the tables of the commandments physically in response the the spiritual breaking of the commandments by Israel. notice that the old one/first one is broken by Israel.
Jer 31:31 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
Jer 31:32 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD:
so where is the new one in this illustration?
Deu 10:1 At that time the LORD said unto me, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first, and come up unto me into the mount, and make thee an ark of wood.
Deu 10:2 And I will write on the tables the words that were in the first tables which thou brakest, and thou shalt put them in the ark.
Deu 10:3 And I made an ark of ****tim wood, and hewed two tables of stone like unto the first, and went up into the mount, having the two tables in mine hand.
Deu 10:4 And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which the LORD spake unto you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and the LORD gave them unto me.
here God writes the same commandments the same covenant but on different stones. it is the shadow fo the new covenant.
Notice:
Jer 31:33 But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people.
the law is now written in their hearts. this is the verses that Hebrews quotes from concerning the new covenant.
Remember that the old covenant took place in the earthly sanctuary but we are told it is a copy of the heavenly one where the reality of the covenant plays out. what does John see in heaven in vision?
Rev 11:19 And the temple of God was opened in heaven, and there was seen in his temple the ark of his testament: and there were lightnings, and voices, and thunderings, and an earthquake, and great hail.
testament means covenant. and it is in heaven now. John saw it. why was it called the ark of the covenant? because in it was the covenant law the ten commandments.
This is by far a short version of how it all works. but it is clear that the 10 commandments that were givne to Moses are the same laws that Abraham obeyed and the same law of the covenant written on our hearts and in our minds. the covenant with us is the same as Abraham only better. it is with the true blood of Jesus and the true high priest Jesus and in the true sanctuary in heaven. The law is the same it is there also. blessings all.