II. Doctrinal Instruction (1:15-1:23)
A. About Christ’s Deity (1:15-23)
1:15-20 One component in the heresy threatening the Colossian church was the denial of the deity of Christ. Paul combats that damning element of heresy with an emphatic defense of Christ’s deity.
1:15 image of the invisible God. See note on Hebrews 1:3. The Greek word for image is
eikon, from which the English word
icon derives. It means “copy” or “likeness.” Jesus Christ is the perfect image—the exact likeness—of God and is in the very form of God (
Phil. 2:6; cf.
John 1:14;
14:9), and has been so from all eternity. By describing Jesus in this manner, Paul emphasizes that He is both the representation and manifestation of God. Thus, He is fully God in every way (cf.
2:9;
John 8:58;
10:30-33;
Heb. 1:8).
the firstborn over all creation. Cf.
verse 18. The Greek word for
firstborn can refer to one who was born first chronologically, but most often refers to preeminence in position, or rank (
see note on Heb. 1:6; cf.
Rom. 8:29). In both Greek and Jewish culture, the firstborn was the ranking son who had received the right of inheritance from his father, whether he was born first or not. It is used of Israel who, not being the first nation, was however the preeminent nation (cf.
Ex. 4:22;
Jer. 31:9). Firstborn in this context clearly means highest in rank, not first created (cf.
Ps. 89:27;
Rev. 1:5) for several reasons: (1) Christ cannot be both “first begotten” and “only begotten” (cf.
John 1:14,
18;
3:16,
18;
1 John 4:9); (2) when the “firstborn” is one of a class, the class is in the plural form (cf.
v. 18;
Rom. 8:29), but “creation,” the class here, is in a singular form; (3) if Paul was teaching that Christ was a created being, he was agreeing with the heresy he was writing to refute; and (4) it is impossible for Christ to be both created, and the Creator of everything (
v. 16). Thus, Jesus is the firstborn in the sense that He has the preeminence (
v. 18) and possesses the right of inheritance “over all creation” (cf.
Heb. 1:2;
Rev. 5:1-7,
13). He existed before the creation and is exalted in rank above it.
See notes on Psalm 2:7; Romans 8:29.
1:16 thrones or dominions or principalities or powers. Cf.
2:15;
Romans 8:38;
Ephesians 1:21;
3:10;
6:12;
1 Peter 3:22;
Jude 6. These are various categories of angels whom Christ created and rules over. There is no comment regarding whether they are holy or fallen, since He is Lord of both groups. The false teachers had incorporated into their heresy the worship of angels (
see note on 2:18), including the lie that Jesus was one of them, merely a spirit created by God and inferior to Him. Paul rejected that and made it clear that angels, whatever their rank, whether holy or fallen, are mere creatures, and their Creator is none other than the preeminent One, the Lord Savior, Jesus Christ. The purpose of his catalog of angelic ranks is to show the immeasurable superiority of Christ over any being the false teachers might suggest.
All things were created through Him and for Him. Cf.
Romans 11:33-36.
See notes on John 1:3; Hebrews 1:2. As God, Jesus created the material and spiritual universe for His pleasure and glory.
1:17 He is before all things. When the universe had its beginning, Christ already existed, thus by definition He must be eternal (
Mic. 5:2;
John 1:1, 2;
8:58;
1 John 1:1;
Rev. 22:13).
consist. Lit. “to hold together.” Christ sustains the universe, maintaining the power and balance necessary to life’s existence and continuity (cf.
Heb. 1:3).
[TABLE]
[TR]
[TH="colspan: 3"]Titles of Christ[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH]Name or Title[/TH]
[TH]Significance[/TH]
[TH]Biblical Reference[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Adam, Last Adam[/TD]
[TD]First of the new race of the redeemed[/TD]
[TD]
1 Cor. 15:45[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Alpha and Omega[/TD]
[TD]The beginning and ending of all things[/TD]
[TD]
Rev. 21:6[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Bread of Life[/TD]
[TD]The one essential food[/TD]
[TD]
John 6:35[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Chief Cornerstone[/TD]
[TD]A sure foundation for life[/TD]
[TD]
Eph. 2:20[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Chief Shepherd[/TD]
[TD]Protector, sustainer, and guide[/TD]
[TD]
1 Pet. 5:4[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Firstborn from the Dead[/TD]
[TD]Leads us into resurrection and eternal life[/TD]
[TD]
Col. 1:18[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Good Shepherd[/TD]
[TD]Provider and caretaker[/TD]
[TD]
John 10:11[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Great Shepherd of the Sheep[/TD]
[TD]Trustworthy guide and protector[/TD]
[TD]
Heb. 13:20[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]High Priest[/TD]
[TD]A perfect sacrifice for our sins[/TD]
[TD]
Heb. 3:1[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Holy One of God[/TD]
[TD]Sinless in His nature[/TD]
[TD]
Mark 1:24[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Immanuel (God With Us)[/TD]
[TD]Stands with us in all life's circumstances[/TD]
[TD]
Matt. 1:23[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]King of Kings, Lord of Lords[/TD]
[TD]The Almighty, before whom every knee will bow[/TD]
[TD]
Rev. 19:16[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Lamb of God[/TD]
[TD]Gave His life as a sacrifice on our behalf[/TD]
[TD]
John 1:29[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Light of the World[/TD]
[TD]Brings hope in the midst of darkness[/TD]
[TD]
John 9:5[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Lord of Glory[/TD]
[TD]The power and presence of the living God[/TD]
[TD]
1 Cor. 2:8[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Mediator between God and Men[/TD]
[TD]Brings us into God's presence redeemed and forgiven[/TD]
[TD]
1 Tim. 2:5[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Only Begotten of the Father[/TD]
[TD]The unique, one-of-a-kind Son of God[/TD]
[TD]
John 1:14[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Prophet[/TD]
[TD]Faithful proclaimer of the truths of God[/TD]
[TD]
Acts 3:22[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Savior[/TD]
[TD]Delivers from sin and death[/TD]
[TD]
Luke 1:47[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Seed of Abraham[/TD]
[TD]Mediator of God's covenant[/TD]
[TD]
Gal. 3:16[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Son of Man[/TD]
[TD]Identifies with us in our humanity[/TD]
[TD]
Matt. 18:11[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]The Word[/TD]
[TD]Present with God at the creation[/TD]
[TD]
John 1:1[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="colspan: 3"]
The MacArthur Study Bible, by John MacArthur (Nashville: Word Publishing, 1997) 1837. © 1993 by Thomas Nelson, Inc.[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
1:18 head of the body. Cf.
2:19. Paul uses the human body as a metaphor for the church, of which Christ serves as the head. Just as a body is controlled from the brain, so Christ controls every part of the church and gives it life and direction. Cf.
Ephesians 4:15;
5:23. For a detailed discussion of the church as a body,
see notes on 1 Corinthians 12:4-27. the beginning. This refers to both source and preeminence. The church had its origins in the Lord Jesus (
Eph. 1:4), and He gave life to the church through His sacrificial death and resurrection to become its Sovereign.
the firstborn from the dead. See note on verse 15. Jesus was the first chronologically to be resurrected, never to die again. Of all who have been or ever will be raised from the dead—and that includes all people (
John 5:28, 29)—Christ is supreme (
see notes on v.15; Phil. 2:8-11).
1:19 all the fullness. A term likely used by those in the Colossian heresy to refer to divine powers and attributes they believed were divided among various emanations (see
Introduction: Background and Setting). Paul countered that by asserting that the fullness of deity—all the divine powers and attributes—was not spread out among created beings, but completely dwelt in Christ alone (cf.
2:9).
1:20 reconcile all things to Himself. The Greek word for
reconcile means “to change” or “exchange.” Its NT usage refers to a change in the sinner’s relationship to God.
See notes on Romans 5:10; 2 Corinthians 5:18-21. Man is reconciled to God when God restores man to a right relationship with Him through Jesus Christ. An intensified form for
reconcile is used in this verse to refer to the total and complete reconciliation of believers and ultimately “all things” in the created universe (cf.
Rom. 8:21;
2 Pet. 3:10-13;
Rev. 21:1). This text does not teach that, as a result, all will believe; rather, it teaches that all will ultimately submit (cf.
Phil. 2:9-11).
having made peace. See note on Romans 5:1. God and those He saved are no longer at enmity with each other.
the blood of His cross. See note on verse 14.
This passage includes a powerful defense of Christ’s deity. Apparently, a central component of the heresy that threatened the Colossian church was the denial of the deity of Christ. Ironically, throughout the centuries some cults have used the phrase “firstborn over all creation” (
1:15) to undermine Christ’s deity. The assumption is that if Jesus was born at creation, then He is more like us than He is like God.The Greek word for
firstborn, however, can refer to one who was born first chronologically, but it most often refers to preeminence in position or rank (
Heb.1:6;
Rom. 8:9).
Firstborn in this context clearly means highest in rank, not first created (
Ps. 89:27;
Rev. 1:5) for several reasons:
- Christ cannot be both “first begotten” and “only begotten” (see John 1:14, 18; 3:16, 18; 1 John 4:9); and, when the firstborn is one of a class, the class is in the plural form (1:18; Rom. 8:29), but “creation,” the class here, is in a singular form.
- If Paul were teaching that Christ was a created being, he would be agreeing with the heresy that he was writing to refute.
- It is impossible for Christ to be both created and the Creator of everything (1:16). Thus, Jesus is the firstborn in the sense that He has the preeminence (1:18) and that He possesses the right of inheritance “over all creation” (Heb. 1:2; Rev. 5:1-7, 13).
The MacArthur Bible Commentary.