The distinct contrast between one and a thousand is again found in Job 9:2-3, where Job declares, ““I know it is so of a truth: but how should man be just with God? If he will contend with him, he cannot answer him one of A THOUSAND.”” This passage, in short, simply suggests the truth that man can in no way challenge the ways and precepts of God.
The same idea is intended in Isaiah 60:21-22, where the prophet instructs, in relation to the New Earth, ““Thy people also shall be all righteous: they shall inherit the land for ever, the branch of my planting, the work of my hands, that I may be glorified. A little one shall become A THOUSAND, and a small one a strong nation: I the Lord will hasten it in his time.””
This passage is expressed in such a manner to in some way describe the great standing, wealth and supernatural power that is found in them that are God’s. God magnifies them in such a manner that the world cannot remotely comprehend. The expressions thus indicate magnitude:
1 = 1,000
A small one = A strong nation
8888888888888888888
Paul the Apostle uses the figure ‘‘ten thousand’’ in 1 Corinthians 4:15 to impress a spiritual truth, saying, ““For though ye have TEN THOUSAND instructors in Christ, yet have ye not many fathers: for in Christ Jesus I have begotten you through the gospel.”” What Paul was simply saying was, that, ‘‘though ye have numerous instructors in Christ, yet have ye not many fathers’’
Paul uses the same principle in 1 Corinthians 14:19 to advocate wisdom in relation to the exercise of the gifts of the Holy Spirit, saying, ““in the church I had rather speak five words with my understanding, that by my voice I might teach others also, than TEN THOUSAND words in an unknown tongue.”” Paul here instructs the Corinthians that it is better to speak a little in a tongue that is understood than to speak numerous words in an unknown tongue which is misunderstood.
Micah asks a question in Micah 6:7, which he then answers in verse 8:
Q. ““Will the LORD be pleased with THOUSANDS of rams, or with TEN THOUSANDS of rivers of oil? shall I give my firstborn for my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?””
A. ““He hath shewed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth the LORD require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?””
Isaiah asks a similar question in Isaiah 1:11, only he substitutes the terms ““thousands”” and ““ten thousands”” with the word multitude, asking, ““To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices unto me? saith the LORD: I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he goats.””
What the Lord required in these two instances, as he still does today, was NOT multiple physical external sacrifices but rather real true personal spiritual internal sacrifices. The terms ““thousands”” and ““ten thousands”” in Micah therefore figuratively represents ‘‘many’’ or ‘‘numerous’’ or, in agreement with Isaiah, ‘‘multiple’’.
The number one thousand is also figuratively used in Amos 5:2-4 to prophetically describe the judgment which awaited the rebellious house of natural Israel. Again, it does not denote a literal figure but rather the type, degree and enormity of judgment that would befall Israel. Amos 5:1-4 says, ““The virgin of Israel is fallen; she shall no more rise: she is forsaken upon her land; there is none to raise her up. For thus saith the Lord GOD; The city that went out by A THOUSAND shall leave AN HUNDRED, and that which went forth by AN HUNDRED shall leave TEN, to the house of Israel.””
Such numbers are occasionally used in Scripture to symbolize and emphasize the magnification or the minimizing of specific Divine blessings or judgments. The descending multiples of 1,000, 100 and 10 are employed here as symbols or figures to signify an impending reality, rather than representing any precise numerical prediction. Such popular numbers are purposely chosen to, in some way, impress the considerable degree of judgment approaching. The figure ‘‘one thousand’’ here (like the other two numbers) is thus a common figure used to describe the serious impending wrath.
The reverse idea is also employed in ascending scale to describe spiritual principles / ideas and Divine truth throughout Scripture. This is seen in the round figures of 1,000, 10,000 and 144,000. They are used as common and complete numbers and carry an undoubted symbolic usage.
Conclusion
From the many explicit passages in Scripture, which we have studied, we see a consistent pattern with the use of both the terms ‘‘one thousand’’ or ‘‘a thousand’’. Like that of ‘‘ten thousand’’, it is repeatedly used throughout the Word to describe an idea, reality, principle or truth rather than a specific number. In saying so, it is normally used to impress the idea of a large, vast or innumerable amount or time period. We must therefore pause a moment to acknowledge this definite fact before rushing directly into examining the subject of ‘‘a thousand years’’ and more particularly Revelation 20.
A THOUSAND YEARS
The figure ‘‘a thousand years’’ is employed ten times in Scripture –– twice in the Old Testament and eight times in the New Testament. Significantly, of the eight mentions in the New, six are found in the same book of the Bible –– Revelation. And of even greater note, all are disproportionately found together within the same chapter –– Revelation 20. The two other New Testament references are found in the book of 2 Peter. In all the references, they indicate a large unspecific indefinite time period.
The two Old Testament passages are found in Psalm 90 and Ecclesiastes 6. And in both references the figure ‘‘a thousand years’’ is used in a symbolic or figurative sense to denote an indefinite time-span. The first mention is in Psalm 90:3-5, where we read, ““For A THOUSAND YEARS in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night. Thou carriest them away as with a flood; they are as a sleep: in the morning they are like grass which groweth up.””
This passage is often misguidedly advanced by Premillennialists as proof of a literal physical future earthly millennium. Such people confidently advance it in such a way, as if it states, ‘‘For a thousand years in thy sight are but as tomorrow which is yet to come. However, a careful reading of this inspired narrative reveals that it rather in stark contrast declares, ““For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past.”” This passage therefore does not in the slightest allude to the future, never mind to some supposed impending earthly post Second Advent temporal period, but clearly to the PAST. This passage simply reveals profound truth about God and His infinite view of time rather than any misconceived earthly idea about a future millennium.
A ‘‘thousand years’’ is here used to describe God’s eternal view of time, which is in stark contrast to man’s limited understanding. This text teaches us that time is nothing with the Lord. God lives in eternity and His perspective of time far exceeds the finite mind of man. A ‘‘thousand years’’ in this life is but a flash in the light of eternity. This reading goes on then to describe the solemn reality of the fleetingness of time and the brevity of life, saying, ““we spend our years as a tale that is told”” (v 9).
No wonder the Psalmist humbly prays to God, ““teach us to number our days, that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom.””
In Ecclesiastes 6:3,6-7 we find the second Old Testament reference to a thousand years. Here the term is simply used to represent an idea rather than outlining a specific measurable period of time. It reads, ““If a man beget an hundred children, and live many years, so that the days of his years be many, and his soul be not filled with good, and also that he have no burial; I say, that an untimely birth is better than he……Yea, though he live A THOUSAND YEARS twice told, yet hath he seen no good: do not all go to one place? All the labour of man is for his mouth, and yet the appetite is not filled.””
This text is not remotely suggesting that a person could actually live to be a thousand years multiplied by two (or 2,000 years), such is, and has always been since the fall, a naturally impossibility. Rather, the text expresses a deep spiritual truth that even if someone lives to an incomprehensible age outside of Christ and hope, this life is completely meaningless. The term a 1000 multiplied by 2 therefore represents a hypothetically number, which spiritually impresses the important reality of the brevity and futility of carnal life. No man in Scripture, or since, has ever lived to the age of 2,000 years old.
Interestingly, the only place outside of Revelation 20 that the term a thousand years is mentioned in the New Testament is in 2 Peter 3. There once again, it is significantly used in an entirely figurative sense. In this chapter, Peter is specifically addressing the cynics who live in the last days that doubt the appearing of the Lord at His Second Advent and indeed harbor the foolish notion that He will not come at all. It is in this context that he addresses these misguided doubters, saying, ““there shall come in the last days scoffers, walking after their own lusts, And saying, Where is the promise of his coming? For since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning of the creation”” (2 Peter 3:3-4).
Peter, however, says in response, ““For this they willingly are ignorant of, that by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of the water and in the water: Whereby the world that then was, being overflowed with water, perished: But the heavens and the earth, which are now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men. But, beloved, be not ignorant of this one thing, that one day is with the Lord as A THOUSAND YEARS, and A THOUSAND YEARS as one day. The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance”” (vv 5-9).
This familiar passage closely parallels the reading that we have just analyzed in Psalm 90, indicating the same spiritual truth –– that God is not limited to time. Again, notably, the contrast between one and one thousand is employed to simply represent an important divine truth.
Some theologians mistakenly attempt to use this passage to argue that one of God’s eternal days represents a literal thousand earthly years and that the time-span commences immediately subsequent to the Second Advent. However, they do err in their assumption, in that; this text simply indicates the briefness of time with God. 2 Peter 3 does not in anyway indicate a future earthly millennium kingdom anywhere in this reading. Peter is simply reminding such people that time are absolutely nothing to the King of glory. He ultimately sits outside of time in the realm of eternity. Time is but a blink to His infinite mind and to the eternal state.
It is in this context that he addresses these misguided doubters. Peter says in response, ““beloved, be not ignorant of this one thing, that one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day”” (v 8).
Peter thus outlines two distinct contrasting time equations in this passage for the sole purpose of expressing a deep spiritual truth. Notwithstanding, and not surprisingly, the Premillennialist are swift to selectively advance the first aspect of this calculation as supposed evidence that one of God’s Divine eternal heavenly days represents a thousand literal temporal earthly years. However, whilst they unquestionably address, and happily literalize, the first part of this calculation they are exceedingly careful to completely side step the second part of the sum. Evidently, such is for the reason that it doesn’t fit their flawed hyper-literalist mode of interpretation.
If the literalist mode of interpretation were applied to the second aspect of this sum it would reveal a completely divergent computation than that established in part one. A thousand of God’s Divine eternal heavenly years expressly representing only one literal earthly day –– which seemingly contradicts the first.
If
1 heavenly day = 1000 literal earthly years.
then
365.25 heavenly days (or 1 heavenly year) = 365,250 literal earthly years (365.25 x 1000).
then
1000 heavenly years = 365,250,000 literal earthly years (365.25 x 1000 x 1000).
however, God says in the same passage that:
1000 heavenly years = 1 earthly day.
If this passage is to be interpreted literally, as the Premillennialists often demand, then a thousand of God’s eternal years represents exactly three hundred and sixty five million human years. The sum total of this calculation poignantly highlights the folly of the selective (largely unchallenged) hyper literalist interpretation of 2 Peter 3 and many other similar passages.
Who is right? Either Scripture is here seriously contradicting itself or the Premillennialists are gravely out of order in their hyper-literalist interpretation. Frankly, they must concede that Peter is not in the slightest outlining an exact measure of time; rather, he is simply expressing an important eternal truth –– time is nothing with God. Therefore, the Bible student can no more argue that one of God’s eternal days represents a literal thousand (365.25 day) earthly years than he can promote a thousand of God’s heavenly days too literally represent one literal actual (365.25 day) earthly year –– the dogmatism is clearly irrational.
THE ‘‘THOUSAND YEARS’’ IN REVELATION 20
The six mention a thousand years are concurrently found together in Revelation 20:1-8, which says, ““And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand. And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him A THOUSAND YEARS, And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till THE THOUSAND YEARS should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season. And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast (the anti-Christ system of this world - period), neither his image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ A THOUSAND YEARS. But the rest of the dead lived not again until THE THOUSAND YEARS were finished. This is the first resurrection. Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him A THOUSAND YEARS. And when THE THOUSAND YEARS are expired, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison, And shall go out to deceive the nations which are in the four quarters of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together to battle: the number of whom is as the sand of the sea.””
The word ‘‘millennium’’ here is of Latin origin meaning ‘‘a thousand years.’’ The comparable word used in the original New Testament Greek for the same is ‘‘Chiliad.’’
It is worth reminding ourselves again that the expression a ‘‘thousand years’’ comes up six times in the book of Revelation, which is two more time than the whole of Scripture put together. Of the four other references in Scripture that we have previously examined, two are in the Old and two are in the New Testament. Significantly, in ALL the other four previous occasions, the term is figuratively used to denote ‘‘a long time period’’. This finding, as we have discovered, is in complete accord with the consistent use of the general expression ‘‘a thousand’’ in Scripture. Such is repeatedly employed to denote ‘‘a large number’’ or ‘‘an untold amount.’’ Also, of the four previous mentions of a ‘‘thousand years,’’ we have found none to explicitly or implicitly teach that there is going to be a literal ‘‘thousand years’’ reign of Christ on earth nor a coinciding literal ‘‘thousand years’’ binding of the devil. Neither is there any other passage in Scripture that indicates such a teaching.
Of the six mentions of a ‘‘thousand years’’ in Revelation, all are found together in the same chapter –– the one currently under examination –– Revelation 20. And at that, in six consecutive verses of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Quite frankly, and in particular reference to the actual figure, this chapter is the sole source for arguing for a literal ‘‘thousand years’’ reign of Christ on earth and a literal ‘‘thousand years’’ binding of the devil. Therefore, nobody involved in this overall debate can downplay the significance of this important chapter.
In addition to the unquestionable pattern already established, we must also remind ourselves of the chapter’s setting. Revelation 20 sits in the most symbolic book of the Bible; a book that is saturated in numerology and the most figurative language in Scripture. We must therefore examine the chapter in such a manner and interpret it in such a figurative context less error would arise in its overall interpretation.
William E. Cox in his book ‘‘Biblical Studies in Final Things’’ says, ““It is self-evident that this lone passage dealing with the millennium is couched in a book of the Bible literally filled with symbols, numerology, figures of speech, poetic language, spiritual lessons couched in Old Testament terminology, etc. Although this is true the very word ‘‘revelation’’ in verse 1 of chapter 1 means ‘‘unveiling.’’ This verse of the Revelation also informs us that this unveiling was ““signified”” to John. This word means that the message, or unveiling, was given in symbols, or figures. So, there is something amiss when a symbol which was given to unveil God’s plan becomes a veil of obscurity”” (p.158).
We have no reason therefore to interpret ‘‘a thousand years’’ any different than the consistent pattern already seen or to take it as anything other than a symbolic figure used to describe a long period of time. We must therefore conclude that the ‘‘thousand years’’ expression employed in this chapter is not a literal period of time or a future millennial kingdom but a figurative term and a spiritual reign which is currently in progress in the lives of all those who love, the Lord Jesus Christ as their Savior and Lord –– whether in heaven or in earth. THIS is in keeping with the rest of Scripture.