What you are describing is weak faith, not no faith at all.
There is a stage in the progress of belief in Jesus that
"falls short of genuine or consummated belief resulting in salvation."
In John 2:23-25, we see where their "belief" was clearly superficial in nature. Also, in John 8:31-59 where the Jews who were said to have "believed in him" were described as slaves to sin, indifferent to the words of Jesus, not loving Jesus, dishonoring Jesus and accusing him of being demon possessed, children of the devil, liars, and guilty of setting out to stone the one they had originally professed to believe in.
*So we can see at best, these Jews believed in Him (based on their own misconceptions and expectations) of Jesus, but they did not truly "believe in His name/believe in Him unto salvation" and become children of God/saved (John 1:12; 3:18).
Besides, the second type of soil produced the fruit of joy in their believing. It didn't last because the word was not deeply rooted in their heart because of some hardness of heart still existing in them.
The shallow ground hearer is
contrasted with that of the
"good ground" hearer, who's heart was
"good" and "honest." Thus, his heart was
"not good," being like the soil to which it corresponds, being "shallow" or "rocky," lacking sufficient depth.
*People who hear and receive the word with joy (emotional response) and believe (in a shallow way) without a good and honest heart, and
without having "root" do not experience real salvation.
In the case of the 2nd type of soil, the fact that they stopped believing shows they had weak and not firmly rooted faith, not non-existent faith. That's why we are exhorted to grow in faith, so that the word goes down deep and won't be easily uprooted when trials and tribulations come our way and so we can persevere to the very end.
People who hear and receive the word with joy (emotional response) and believe (in a shallow way)
without a good and honest heart, and
without having "root" do not experience real salvation. But the ones on the rock are those who, when they hear, receive the word with joy; and these have
no root.." *Problem from the start. Temporary shallow belief that was not firmly rooted or established from the start "has no root" represents rocky soil. Then we see the results of this.
Temporary shallow belief that has no root, lacks moisture, produces no fruit and withers away is not saving belief. Never was.
In
CONTRAST, we read in Matthew 13:23 - "And the one on whom seed was sown on the
good soil, this is the man who
hears the word and understands it; who
INDEED BEARS FRUIT and brings forth,
some a hundredfold, some sixty, and some thirty." Faith without works is dead.