6. Why does it condemn the making and adoration of images? (Ex. 20:4-5).
Exodus 20:4-5
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]4 [/SUP]“You shall not make for yourself a carved image—any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth;[SUP]5 [/SUP]you shall not bow down to them nor serve them. For I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and fourthgenerations of those who hate Me...."
At first instance it would appear that this commandment imposes an absolute prohibition against the making and use of all images per se. However, a thorough examination of the Old Testament precludes such an interpretation, as this would necessitate God prohibiting what He allows and commands elsewhere, especially concerning the Temple of Jerusalem itself.
It follows that if the Commandments prohibited the making of images whatsoever, Protestants ought to remove and destroy all their statues of George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and even Mount Rushmore, as well as burning all their pictures of relatives and friends. Common sense though tells us that such would be an absurd outcome.
The Catholic doctrine on the veneration of images was fully outlined by the second council of Nicaea in 787 AD:
"Proceeding as it were on the royal road and following the divinely inspired teaching of our holy Fathers, and the tradition of the Catholic Church (for we know that this tradition is of the Holy Spirit which dwells in the Church), we define with all care and exactitude, that the venerable and holy images are set up in just the same way as the figure of the precious and life-giving cross; painted images, and those in mosaic and those of other suitable materials, in the holy Churches of God, on holy vessels and vestments, on walls and in pictures, in houses and by the roadsides; images of our Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ and of our undefiled Lady, the Holy God-bearer, and of the honorable angels, and of saintly and holy men. For the more frequently these are observed by means of such representations, so much the more will the beholders be aroused to recollect the originals and to long after them, and to pay the images the tribute of an embrace and a reverence of honor, not to pay to them the actual worshipwhich is according to our faith, and which is proper only to the divine nature: but as to the figure of the venerable and life-giving cross, and to the holy Gospels and to the other sacred monuments, so those images to accord the honor of incense and oblation of lights, as it has been the pious custom of antiquity. For the honor paid to the image passes to its original, and he that honors an image honors in it the person depicted thereby."
The real purpose of the commandment is to steer people of God away from idolatry, that is, the worship of any false God. Have a look at these following passages, brother:Deuteronomy 7:4-5
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]4 [/SUP]For they will turn your sons away from following Me, to serve other gods; so the anger of the Lord will be aroused against you and destroy you suddenly. [SUP]5 [/SUP]But thus you shall deal with them: you shall destroy their altars, and break down their sacred pillars, and cut down their wooden images,[SUP][a][/SUP] and burn their carved images with fire.
2 Kings 17:9-12
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]9 [/SUP]Also the children of Israel secretly did against the Lord their God things that were not right, and they built for themselves high places in all their cities, from watchtower to fortified city. [SUP]10 [/SUP]They set up for themselves sacred pillars and wooden images[SUP][a][/SUP] on every high hill and under every green tree. [SUP]11 [/SUP]There they burned incense on all the high places, like the nations whom the Lord had carried away before them; and they did wicked things to provoke the Lord to anger, [SUP]12 [/SUP]for they served idols, of which the Lord had said to them, “You shall not do this thing.”
God obviously abhors idolatry; However, in the same scriptures we see Jews making statues for legitimate religious purposes, and under God's command:
Numbers 21:8-9
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]8 [/SUP]Then the Lord said to Moses, “Make a fiery serpent, and set it on a pole; and it shall be that everyone who is bitten, when he looks at it, shall live.” [SUP]9 [/SUP]So Moses made a bronze serpent, and put it on a pole; and so it was, if a serpent had bitten anyone, when he looked at the bronze serpent, he lived.
When the bronze serpent was later adored by the Jews, rather than simply venerated, it was destroyed:
2 Kings 18:4
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]4 [/SUP]He removed the high places and broke the sacred pillars, cut down the wooden image[SUP][a][/SUP]and broke in pieces the bronze serpent that Moses had made; for until those days the children of Israel burned incense to it, and called it Nehushtan.[SUP][b]
[/SUP]
In the construction of the Ark of the Covenant God gave the following instructions:
Exodus 25:18-20
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]18 [/SUP]And you shall make two cherubim of gold; of hammered work you shall make them at the two ends of the mercy seat. [SUP]19 [/SUP]Make one cherub at one end, and the other cherub at the other end; you shall make the cherubim at the two ends of it of one piece with the mercy seat. [SUP]20 [/SUP]And the cherubim shall stretch out their wings above, covering the mercy seat with their wings, and they shall face one another; the faces of the cherubim shall be toward the mercy seat.
The Temple of Jerusalem was thoroughly decorated with statues of all kinds:
1 Kings 6:23
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]23 [/SUP]Inside the inner sanctuary he made two cherubim of olive wood, each ten cubits high.
1 Kings 6:26-27
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]26 [/SUP]The height of one cherub was ten cubits, and so was the other cherub. [SUP]27 [/SUP]Then he set the cherubim inside the inner room;[SUP][a][/SUP] and they stretched out the wings of the cherubim so that the wing of the one touched one wall, and the wing of the other cherub touched the other wall. And their wings touched each other in the middle of the room.
1 Kings 7:29
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]29 [/SUP]on the panels that were between the frames were lions, oxen, and cherubim. And on the frames was a pedestal on top. Below the lions and oxen were wreaths of plaited work.
1 Chronicles 28:18
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]18 [/SUP]and refined gold by weight for the altar of incense, and for the construction of the chariot, that is, the gold cherubim that spread their wings and overshadowed the ark of the covenant of the Lord.
2 Chronicles 3:10
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]10 [/SUP]In the Most Holy Place he made two cherubim, fashioned by carving, and overlaid them with gold.
2 Chronicles 4:3-4
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]3 [/SUP]And under it was the likeness of oxen encircling it all around, ten to a cubit, all the way around the Sea. The oxen were cast in two rows, when it was cast. [SUP]4 [/SUP]It stood on twelve oxen: three looking toward the north, three looking toward the west, three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east; the Sea was set upon them, and all their back parts pointed inward.
Ezekiel 41:18
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]18 [/SUP]And it was made with cherubim and palm trees, a palm tree between cherub and cherub.Each cherub had two faces,
The Temple with all these statues was built by Solomon. What is particularly remarkable is that just after construction was begun, God spoke to Solomon as follows:
1 Kings 6:11-14
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]11 [/SUP]Then the word of the Lord came to Solomon, saying: [SUP]12 [/SUP]“Concerning this temple which you are building, if you walk in My statutes, execute My judgments, keep all My commandments, and walk in them, then I will perform My word with you, which I spoke to your father David.[SUP]13 [/SUP]And I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will not forsake My people Israel.”
[SUP]14 [/SUP]So Solomon built the temple and finished it.
What does Solomon do in the light of God's admonition to "walk in My statutes and obey my ordinances and keep all My commandments"? He carves statues for the house of the Lord, and to the Lord's delight!:
1 Kings 9:1-3
New King James Version (NKJV)
God’s Second Appearance to Solomon
9 And it came to pass, when Solomon had finished building the house of the Lord and the king’s house, and all Solomon’s desire which he wanted to do, [SUP]2 [/SUP]that the Lord appeared to Solomon the second time, as He had appeared to him at Gibeon. [SUP]3 [/SUP]And the Lord said to him: “I have heard your prayer and your supplication that you have made before Me; I have consecrated this house which you have built to put My name there forever, and My eyes and My heart will be there perpetually.
The ancient Jewish practice in this regard was very strict, for they were prone to imitate the idolatry of the pagans around them. The early Christians, who live in the age of the Incarnation, had no such difficulty. So the Catacombs are a treasury of paintings, gilded glasses, depicting scenes from the lives of Christ, His Mother, the Apostles and other persons of the Old and New Testaments. The mind of the early Christians was clearly a Catholic mind.
Exodus 20:4-5
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]4 [/SUP]“You shall not make for yourself a carved image—any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth;[SUP]5 [/SUP]you shall not bow down to them nor serve them. For I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and fourthgenerations of those who hate Me...."
At first instance it would appear that this commandment imposes an absolute prohibition against the making and use of all images per se. However, a thorough examination of the Old Testament precludes such an interpretation, as this would necessitate God prohibiting what He allows and commands elsewhere, especially concerning the Temple of Jerusalem itself.
It follows that if the Commandments prohibited the making of images whatsoever, Protestants ought to remove and destroy all their statues of George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and even Mount Rushmore, as well as burning all their pictures of relatives and friends. Common sense though tells us that such would be an absurd outcome.
The Catholic doctrine on the veneration of images was fully outlined by the second council of Nicaea in 787 AD:
"Proceeding as it were on the royal road and following the divinely inspired teaching of our holy Fathers, and the tradition of the Catholic Church (for we know that this tradition is of the Holy Spirit which dwells in the Church), we define with all care and exactitude, that the venerable and holy images are set up in just the same way as the figure of the precious and life-giving cross; painted images, and those in mosaic and those of other suitable materials, in the holy Churches of God, on holy vessels and vestments, on walls and in pictures, in houses and by the roadsides; images of our Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ and of our undefiled Lady, the Holy God-bearer, and of the honorable angels, and of saintly and holy men. For the more frequently these are observed by means of such representations, so much the more will the beholders be aroused to recollect the originals and to long after them, and to pay the images the tribute of an embrace and a reverence of honor, not to pay to them the actual worshipwhich is according to our faith, and which is proper only to the divine nature: but as to the figure of the venerable and life-giving cross, and to the holy Gospels and to the other sacred monuments, so those images to accord the honor of incense and oblation of lights, as it has been the pious custom of antiquity. For the honor paid to the image passes to its original, and he that honors an image honors in it the person depicted thereby."
The real purpose of the commandment is to steer people of God away from idolatry, that is, the worship of any false God. Have a look at these following passages, brother:Deuteronomy 7:4-5
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]4 [/SUP]For they will turn your sons away from following Me, to serve other gods; so the anger of the Lord will be aroused against you and destroy you suddenly. [SUP]5 [/SUP]But thus you shall deal with them: you shall destroy their altars, and break down their sacred pillars, and cut down their wooden images,[SUP][a][/SUP] and burn their carved images with fire.
2 Kings 17:9-12
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]9 [/SUP]Also the children of Israel secretly did against the Lord their God things that were not right, and they built for themselves high places in all their cities, from watchtower to fortified city. [SUP]10 [/SUP]They set up for themselves sacred pillars and wooden images[SUP][a][/SUP] on every high hill and under every green tree. [SUP]11 [/SUP]There they burned incense on all the high places, like the nations whom the Lord had carried away before them; and they did wicked things to provoke the Lord to anger, [SUP]12 [/SUP]for they served idols, of which the Lord had said to them, “You shall not do this thing.”
God obviously abhors idolatry; However, in the same scriptures we see Jews making statues for legitimate religious purposes, and under God's command:
Numbers 21:8-9
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]8 [/SUP]Then the Lord said to Moses, “Make a fiery serpent, and set it on a pole; and it shall be that everyone who is bitten, when he looks at it, shall live.” [SUP]9 [/SUP]So Moses made a bronze serpent, and put it on a pole; and so it was, if a serpent had bitten anyone, when he looked at the bronze serpent, he lived.
When the bronze serpent was later adored by the Jews, rather than simply venerated, it was destroyed:
2 Kings 18:4
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]4 [/SUP]He removed the high places and broke the sacred pillars, cut down the wooden image[SUP][a][/SUP]and broke in pieces the bronze serpent that Moses had made; for until those days the children of Israel burned incense to it, and called it Nehushtan.[SUP][b]
[/SUP]
In the construction of the Ark of the Covenant God gave the following instructions:
Exodus 25:18-20
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]18 [/SUP]And you shall make two cherubim of gold; of hammered work you shall make them at the two ends of the mercy seat. [SUP]19 [/SUP]Make one cherub at one end, and the other cherub at the other end; you shall make the cherubim at the two ends of it of one piece with the mercy seat. [SUP]20 [/SUP]And the cherubim shall stretch out their wings above, covering the mercy seat with their wings, and they shall face one another; the faces of the cherubim shall be toward the mercy seat.
The Temple of Jerusalem was thoroughly decorated with statues of all kinds:
1 Kings 6:23
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]23 [/SUP]Inside the inner sanctuary he made two cherubim of olive wood, each ten cubits high.
1 Kings 6:26-27
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]26 [/SUP]The height of one cherub was ten cubits, and so was the other cherub. [SUP]27 [/SUP]Then he set the cherubim inside the inner room;[SUP][a][/SUP] and they stretched out the wings of the cherubim so that the wing of the one touched one wall, and the wing of the other cherub touched the other wall. And their wings touched each other in the middle of the room.
1 Kings 7:29
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]29 [/SUP]on the panels that were between the frames were lions, oxen, and cherubim. And on the frames was a pedestal on top. Below the lions and oxen were wreaths of plaited work.
1 Chronicles 28:18
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]18 [/SUP]and refined gold by weight for the altar of incense, and for the construction of the chariot, that is, the gold cherubim that spread their wings and overshadowed the ark of the covenant of the Lord.
2 Chronicles 3:10
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]10 [/SUP]In the Most Holy Place he made two cherubim, fashioned by carving, and overlaid them with gold.
2 Chronicles 4:3-4
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]3 [/SUP]And under it was the likeness of oxen encircling it all around, ten to a cubit, all the way around the Sea. The oxen were cast in two rows, when it was cast. [SUP]4 [/SUP]It stood on twelve oxen: three looking toward the north, three looking toward the west, three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east; the Sea was set upon them, and all their back parts pointed inward.
Ezekiel 41:18
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]18 [/SUP]And it was made with cherubim and palm trees, a palm tree between cherub and cherub.Each cherub had two faces,
The Temple with all these statues was built by Solomon. What is particularly remarkable is that just after construction was begun, God spoke to Solomon as follows:
1 Kings 6:11-14
New King James Version (NKJV)
[SUP]11 [/SUP]Then the word of the Lord came to Solomon, saying: [SUP]12 [/SUP]“Concerning this temple which you are building, if you walk in My statutes, execute My judgments, keep all My commandments, and walk in them, then I will perform My word with you, which I spoke to your father David.[SUP]13 [/SUP]And I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will not forsake My people Israel.”
[SUP]14 [/SUP]So Solomon built the temple and finished it.
What does Solomon do in the light of God's admonition to "walk in My statutes and obey my ordinances and keep all My commandments"? He carves statues for the house of the Lord, and to the Lord's delight!:
1 Kings 9:1-3
New King James Version (NKJV)
God’s Second Appearance to Solomon
9 And it came to pass, when Solomon had finished building the house of the Lord and the king’s house, and all Solomon’s desire which he wanted to do, [SUP]2 [/SUP]that the Lord appeared to Solomon the second time, as He had appeared to him at Gibeon. [SUP]3 [/SUP]And the Lord said to him: “I have heard your prayer and your supplication that you have made before Me; I have consecrated this house which you have built to put My name there forever, and My eyes and My heart will be there perpetually.
The ancient Jewish practice in this regard was very strict, for they were prone to imitate the idolatry of the pagans around them. The early Christians, who live in the age of the Incarnation, had no such difficulty. So the Catacombs are a treasury of paintings, gilded glasses, depicting scenes from the lives of Christ, His Mother, the Apostles and other persons of the Old and New Testaments. The mind of the early Christians was clearly a Catholic mind.
“Wherefore, my dearly beloved, flee from idolatry” (1 Corinthians 10:14).
“Little children, keep yourselves from idols” (1 John 5:21)
“We know that an idol is nothing in the world” (1 Corinthians 8:4)
Hopefully you will see the same pomp, ceremony and dress and attitudes in the Catholic Church today.
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